Jane Elliott, chief executive of the Economic and Social Research Council, was among 33 fellows inducted to the Academy of Social Sciences.
Elliott is a quantitative sociologist, whose research interests include gender and employment.
Other people made fellows included Robert Kerslake, former head of the UK Civil Service; Craig Calhoun, director of the London School of Economics and Political Science; and James Wilsdon, professor of science and democracy at the University of Sussex and chairman of the Campaign for Social Science.